23-hp (17.2-kW) V-twin engine
The tractor is powered by a John Deere iTorque power system, a combination of engine features and an exclusive hood design that provide superior lugging ability, even cooling, and durability.
A 23-hp (17.2-kW) V-twin engine provides plenty of power and torque to handle tough mulching, mowing, and bagging conditions.
Key engine features include:
A flywheel alternator provides plenty of capacity to quickly recharge the battery and power electrical equipment, such as lights or a sprayer:
Fuel tank
Electronic fuel gauge
Large fuel tank and convenient fuel gauge minimize the number of stops for fuel and chance of running out of fuel:
X590 with Accel Deep 54A Mower Deck
The 54-in. (137-cm) Accel Deep Mower Deck is a forged-steel, deep, flat-top design that delivers excellent cut quality, productivity, cleanliness, durability, and versatility. Optimal performance and dispersion of clippings is provided, even at faster mowing speeds or in tall grass:
54A Mower Deck underside (similar mower from ZTrak™ Z300 shown)
Deep mower-deck forging gives excellent cut quality. It allows the cut and suspended material room to exit the deck without getting recut:
Left side of Accel Deep 54A Mower Deck
Deep mower-deck forging gives high productivity, which gets the job done fast. It allows the cut and suspended material room to exit the deck quickly, reducing the amount of recutting so more power is available to process incoming grass:
Large discharge opening is both high and wide to handle more material:
Accel Deep 54A Mower Deck
The flat-top shape of the deck forging is optimal for keeping itself and the operator clean:
Cleaning a mower deck, both top and bottom, is one of the most frequent maintenance activities:
Mower wash port
Mower wash port with hose connector
A wash port is provided to make cleaning the underside of the mower deck easy.
Spindle pocket with flip-up cover
Easy-to-adjust mower wheel and mower side reinforcement
The 54A Mower Deck has strong spindle pockets, to keep the blades aligned, even after years of tough service:
Mower wheels are heavy duty:
Low-tension belt-drive design reduces the side load on engine lower bearings and mower deck bearings for longer life.
The 54A Mower Deck features a 5/8-in. (16-mm) diameter solid-steel rod side bumper that provides extra strength and protection.
Dual-stage E-coat and powder-paint coatings provide extra protection from rust.
The 54A Mower Deck is designed for maximum versatility, providing the greatest ease in changing from one mower discharge mode to another:
Optional 7-bu (247-L) rear bagger
Power Flow blower
An optional 7-bu (247-L) rear bagger material collection system (MCS) is available. It provides an efficient means of collecting grass clippings and leaves:
Larger 14-bu (493-L) and 19-bu (670-L) MCS are available, in addition to the 7-bu (247-L) MCS, for specific X300 and X500 Series Tractor models.
Side-discharge blades can be used with the Power Flow system when bagging.
Mulching blades are included with the optional MulchControl system. They can be used for mulching, side discharging, and bagging.
Mower blade use chart
Mode(s) of operation |
Mower blade |
Side discharging mode only |
Side-discharge blade (shipped with mower) |
Mulching mode only |
Mulching blade (shipped with MulchControl) |
Side discharge and mulching |
Mulching blade (shipped with MulchControl) |
Bagging |
Either side-discharge or mulching blade |
Power steering cylinder
Tilt steering lever (X390 and X394 only)
Hydraulic power steering is standard equipment:
Hydraulic lift
The hydraulic lift control lever is positioned on the dash near the steering wheel for quick, easy, and precise fingertip control of equipment. Implement float, which allows an implement to follow the ground contour, is built into the lift linkage.
Lever-action MulchControl lever (shown on 48A mower deck)
Electric one-touch MulchControl switch
The optional MulchControl system makes mulching more practical for many mowing situations because it not only does an excellent job of mulching, but it also allows the mower to be easily converted for times when it is more desirable to side discharge or collect the lawn material. Advantages of mulching grass clippings include:
MulchControl baffle open (shown on Z300 48A mower deck)
MulchControl baffle closed (shown on Z300 48A mower deck)
MulchControl is an innovative, simple design that is easy to use and maintain:
MulchControl is well-suited to the following mowing situations:
MulchControl puts the operator in control of the clippings.
Electric one-touch MulchControl systems shift the MulchControl baffle using an electric actuator that is operated by a dash-mounted switch.
Electric one-touch MulchControl switcht
Electric one-touch MulchControl actuator (shown on 54A mower deck)
Operators can convert between modes without interrupting the mowing process, making it possible to change between modes:
While in the side discharge mode, MulchControl still mulches about one third of the material. Therefore, the side discharge mode is essentially a partial mulch mode. This can be an advantage when side discharging or bagging, as it helps to reduce the amount of material being discharged. Other times this could work as a disadvantage:
When bagging with MulchControl on a 48A or 54A mower deck, the MulchControl baffle can be opened or closed with the Power Flow™ blower installed. The Power Flow blower runs without material when the baffle is closed.
| Attachment | Description | Applications |
| BUC11632 | 42-in. (107-cm) Accel Deep electric one-touch MulchControl | Model year 2016 and newer X300 Series Tractors* |
| BUC11633 | 48-in. (122-cm) Accel Deep electric one-touch MulchControl | Model year 2016 and newer X300 and X500 Series Tractors* |
| BUC11634 | 54-in. (137-cm) Accel Deep electric one-touch MulchControl | Model year 2016 and newer X300 and X500 Series Tractors* |
*NOTE: Model year 2016-2017 X300 and X500 Series Tractors (X300 serial number 10,001-50,000 and X500 serial number 110,001-130,000) require replacing the tractor wiring harness and dash panel to use an electric MulchControl attachment.
Rear baffle (A) must be removed for bagging with MulchControl with 42A mower decks
When bagging with MulchControl on a 42A mower deck, the cut-and-throw rear bagger can be used with the MulchControl blades. However, the rear MulchControl baffle (A) needs to be removed to install the bagger chute. The baffle is held in place with two carriage bolts. To return to mulching, the chute needs to be removed and the baffle replaced.
Each MulchControl system is an optional field-installed attachment and includes everything needed: baffles, mulch blades, a handle (lever action attachments) or an actuator, wiring, and switches (electric one-touch attachments).
| Attachment | Description | Applications |
| BUC10704 | 42-in. (107-cm) Accel Deep MulchControl (lever action) | Model year 2016 and newer X300 Series Tractors, Z300 Series ZTrak™ Mowers |
| BUC10705 | 48-in. (122-cm) Accel Deep MulchControl (lever action) | S240 Lawn Tractor, model year 2016 and newer X300 and X500 Series Tractors, Z300 and Z500 Series ZTrak Mowers |
| BUC10706 | 54-in. (137-cm) Accel Deep MulchControl (lever action) | Model year 2016 and newer X300 and X500 Series Tractors, Z300 and Z500 Series ZTrak Mowers |
44-in. (112-cm) Front Blade, electric lift, angling and tire chains on an X350 Tractor
44-in. (112-cm) Snow Blower, weather enclosure and tire chains on an X350 Tractor
An advantage of lawn tractors is their ability to use equipment for snow removal. Lawn tractor owners can add a John Deere snow blower or front blade to make quick work of moving snow whenever the need arises. Weather enclosure and tire-chain attachments add comfort and performance.
Equipment available for snow removal includes:
Kanzaki® K46 transaxle (X330, X350, X354) Kansaki K57 transaxle (X370)
Kanzaki K58 transaxle (X380, X384, X390, X394)
The Tuff Torq® hydrostatic transaxle encloses the hydrostatic pump and motor rotator groups in the same housing with the differential and axle housings. This design is very efficient and reduces the number of sealing surfaces to minimize the potential for leakage.
Combined with the foot controls, the hydrostatic transmission functions similarly to that of an automatic transmission in an automobile, so the term automatic is often used to describe it:
Freewheeling valve
When it's inconvenient to start the tractor, a freewheeling valve releases the transmission so the tractor can be pushed a short distance. The freewheeling valve control is conveniently located on the tractor’s rear hitch plate.
Kanzaki and Tuff Torq are trademarks of Kanzaki Kokyukoki Mfg. Co., Ltd.
Convenient operator station
Separate throttle and choke controls
The contoured dash has clean, attractive styling and ergonomic controls for easy use:
Functional design of the throttle and choke controls provides good appearance and a comfortable feel.
Easy-to-use key switch and controls
Tilt steering lever (X390 and X394 only)
Display panel illustration with descriptions
Display panel
Instrument display has the look and feel of a modern automobile. A power-up sequence cycles lights and gauges to indicate they are working:
Twin Touch foot control
Cruise control
Twin Touch foot pedals control the speed and direction of travel:
Deck-leveling gauge placed under deck
Deck-leveling gauge is placed at the appropriate location under the left rear, right rear, and front of the mower deck as the cut height is adjusted using the Exact Adjust tool and front draft arm adjusting nuts.
Cruise control is standard equipment:
Mower cut-height adjusting knob
A rotary dial knob makes adjusting the mower cut height quick and easy:
Storage tray under tractor seat
Exact Adjust tool used to level mower deck
Storage for the onboard deck-leveling gauge and the Exact Adjust tool is provided in the storage tray under the tractor’s seat.
Parking brake
Depressing the brake pedal applies internal wet-disk brakes (increased durability and longer life) for safe stopping.
A parking brake control is conveniently located for easy access; it holds the brake pedal securely in locked position.
Electric PTO switch
The heavy-duty electric PTO clutch is operated with a convenient dash-mounted switch.
PTO clutch
The PTO clutch is designed to operate through many on/off cycles.
Reverse implement switch
Mower engagement PTO switch
CAUTION: Children or bystanders may be injured by rotating blades. Before traveling forward or rearward:
NOTE: Operating the mower while backing up is strongly discouraged. RIO should be used only when operating another attachment or when the operator deems it necessary to reposition the machine with the mower engaged.
Welded, heavy-duty frame
The frame is made of heavy formed and welded steel, reinforced in critical areas for even greater strength:
Two 42-lb (19-kg) Quik-Tatch weights on rear hitch plate
Two 42-lb (19-kg) Quik-Tatch weights on an optional front weight bracket/bumper
Optional Quik-Tatch weights can be added to increase traction and ballast equipment.
Cast-iron front axle and steering spindles
Front axle is made of nodular cast iron:
Replaceable bushings are used at the center axle pivot and steering spindles of models with power steering (X370, X390, X394):
Front steering spindle diameter is 0.75 in. (19 mm) for strength and long life:
Rear equipment mounting system
A heavy-duty equipment mounting system is used:
Attractive styling
Hood air-intake louvers
Smooth, rounded contours present a modern, styled appearance:
Headlights
Headlights are standard equipment on all models:
Operator station
The operator station is designed for operator comfort and ease of using controls:
Comfortable cut-and-sewn seat
Comfortable cut-and-sewn seat with optional armrests
An 18-in. (46-cm), high-back cut-and-sewn seat delivers a comfortable, smooth ride and excellent support for the operator:
Seat suspension with springs in rear position
Seat suspension with springs in forward position
The seat suspension is adjustable, without tools, for the weight of the operator:
Cup holder and covered toolbox on fender
Covered toolbox with open cover
A cup holder and toolbox are located on the fender for operator convenience:
Location for optional 12-V outlet
A removable plug on the console, in front of the operator, provides a convenient location for the optional 12-V outlet and makes installation easy.
Fast connector location
A mid-vehicle, 12-V fast connector, located under the tractor’s fuse box, is included as standard equipment to reduce initial installation time for some attachments that operate on 12-V power from the tractor:
One-piece hood is easy to open
Service interval decal located under hood
The one-piece hood opens easily to permit checking and servicing the engine:
Easy-to-service engine fuel and oil filters
The engine fuel and oil filters, the oil check/fill tube, and the oil drain tube are exposed for serviceability when the hood is opened.
Example product identification number (PIN) label with QR code
John Deere riding lawn mowers are supported by owner information web pages that include links to:
To speed access to owner information web pages, a QR code is printed onto a PIN label located under the hood on trim side of the steering pedestal. Since each vehicle model has its own web page, the links are specific to the owner’s model. The QR code also includes the vehicle’s unique PIN which allows for additional customization of the owner information web page in the future.
Deck-leveling gauge and hex adjusting tool stored under tractor seat
Exact Adjust access holes
A mower deck must be level side-to-side and properly adjusted front-to-rear to give the best cutting performance. A removable onboard deck-leveling gauge and a hex-key tool are provided to make adjustment easy. They are securely stored under the tractor seat.
Exact Adjust leveling ports are provided on each side of the operator platform above the mower-level adjusting bolts. With the hex-shaped tool, they provide convenient access to allow quick and easy adjustment of the mower for the best-cut quality of cut.
The Exact Adjust feature is standard on all Select Series™ X300 and X500 Tractors:
Deck-leveling tool placed under deck
Using included ball-hex tool to level mower deck
Consult the operator's manual for the correct adjusting procedures for each tractor model. Basic adjusting steps to properly level the mower deck include:
Cut height adjusting knob
NOTE: The adjusting tool supplied with the tractor is an 8-mm ball-hex key, part number M162737. The rounded end allows for some misalignment with the bolt as the deck is adjusted.
MowerPlus home screen
MowerPlus maintenance screen
Keep a mower running its best and know how it mows with the John Deere MowerPlus app. Simply scan the mower’s barcode to get custom information about the mower.
To download the free MowerPlus app, visit the Apple® App Store® or Google Play™ store.
MowerPlus connectors (sold separately)
MowerPlus Deluxe Smart Connector, with a phone
MowerPlus connectors are available to transmit vehicle information to the MowerPlus app.
BUC10929 MowerPlus Deluxe Smart Connector is for use with:
BUC10537 MowerPlus Smart Connector is for use with:
MowerPlus connectors transmit the fuel level and engine hour information to the app, making it easy to keep track of fuel level and maintenance intervals.
MowerPlus connectors require the MowerPlus app on a mobile device to use. The John Deere MowerPlus app and operating system requirements can be found in the mobile device’s app store. The MowerPlus app is only available in the English language, and it is not available in all countries.
Apple and App Store are trademarks of Apple, Inc. Google Play and Android are trademarks of Google LLC. iOS is a trademark of Cisco Technology, Inc. used under license by Apple Inc.
| Specs & Compare | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Deere X390 Lawn Tractor with 54-inch Deck |
| Engine power | 23 hp 17.2 kW |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oil change | No-tools oil drain with replaceable filter | |||
| Engine manufacturer/model | FR691V | |||
| Transaxle type | K58 hydrostatic integrated with transaxle | |||
| Transaxle control | Twin Touch™ pedals | |||
| Rear tires | 22x11-10 | |||
| Lift system type | Hydraulic | |||
| Cutting width | Accel Deep™ mower deck, 54 in. 137 cm |
|||
| U.S. warranty | 4 year/300 hour bumper-to-bumper* (*Term limited to years or hours used, whichever comes first, and varies by model. See the LIMITED WARRANTY FOR NEW JOHN DEERE TURF AND UTILITY EQUIPMENT at JohnDeere.com or JohnDeere.ca/TUWarranty for details.) |
| Power | 23 hp 17.2 kW |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Displacement | 44.3 cu in. 726 cc |
|||
| Manufacturer/model | FR691V | |||
| Type | Overhead valve, full-pressure lube, oil filter | |||
| Cylinders | V-twin, cast-iron liners | |||
| Governor | Mechanical | |||
| Choke/speed control | Separate levers, automatic choke return | |||
| Cooling method | Air | |||
| Air cleaner | Dry, replaceable | |||
| Oil change | No-tools oil drain with replaceable filter |
| Type | Gasoline | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fuel delivery | Pulse pump, carburetor | |||
| Fuel gauge | Gauge on dash | |||
| Fuel tank location | Rear | |||
| Fuel fill opening | On left fender, 3 in. 7.6 cm |
|||
| Fuel tank capacity | 3.3 U.S. gal. 12.5 L |
| Battery | 12 V 340 CCA |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Charging system | Flywheel alternator, regulated, 12 amp | |||
| Engine starter | Bendix | |||
| Hour meter | Yes | |||
| Headlights | Two standard, incandescent, 27 W | |||
| Taillights or reflector | No | |||
| Backup lights | No | |||
| Rear work lights | No | |||
| 12-V outlet | Optional |
| Type | K58 hydrostatic integrated with transaxle | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Twin Touch™ pedals | |||
| Cruise control | Yes, button on dash | |||
| Oil cooler | Fins and fan on transaxle | |||
| Oil filter | Internal, not replaceable | |||
| Differential lock | No | |||
| Forward speed | 0-6.2 mph 0-10 km/h |
|||
| Reverse speed | 0-3.5 mph 0-5.6 km/h |
|||
| Brakes | Internal wet disc |
| Frame | Welded heavy-duty | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primer/paint | E-coat/powder | |||
| Weight bracket | Standard rear, optional front | |||
| Receiver hitch | No | |||
| Front axle | Cast iron front axle, front wheel ball bearings | |||
| Spindle bushings | Metal, replaceable | |||
| Front tires | 15x6.5-8 | |||
| Rear tires | 22x11-10 | |||
| Hood material | Fully enclosed, molded-in color material reduces sound, will not rust or dent | |||
| Fender deck material | Stamped steel | |||
| Floor mats | Sure-grip rubber | |||
| Storage | Yes, under seat and covered toolbox | |||
| Service interval decal | Yes | |||
| Fender handles/grips | No | |||
| Cup holder | Yes | |||
| Equipment mounting | Yes, heavy duty | |||
| Maximum towing capacity | 600 lb 272 kg |
| Type | Power, hydraulic | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Four-wheel steer | Not available on this model | |||
| Steering wheel | Large, 14 in. 35.6 cm |
|||
| Tilt steering wheel | Standard, five position | |||
| Turning radius | 22 in. 55.9 cm |
|||
| Uncut circle radius | 22 in. 56 cm |
| Type | Cut-and-sewn high-back | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seat back height | 18 in. 46 cm |
|||
| Armrests | Optional | |||
| Fore-aft adjustment | While seated, ball bearing slide rail, 15-position, 6.6 in. 17 cm |
|||
| Seat suspension | Tilt, two coil springs, three-position no-tools adjustment for operator weight |
| Type | Hydraulic | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydraulic outlets | No | |||
| Mower cut height | 13 positions, 1-4 in. 2.5-10.2 cm |
|||
| Cut height increments | 0.25 in. 0.64 cm |
|||
| Preset cut height | Yes |
| Type | Side discharge | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cutting width | Accel Deep™ mower deck, 54 in. 137 cm |
|||
| Construction | Forged steel deck shell | |||
| Mower deck material | 10 gauge 0.135 in. 3.4 mm |
|||
| Mower wash port | Yes | |||
| Mower drive system | Electric power take-off (PTO) clutch, in-line belt | |||
| Mower wheels | Four | |||
| Mower wheel adjustment | Seven-position, spring-loaded pin | |||
| Mower level adjustment | Exact Adjust ports and onboard deck-leveling gauge |
| Type | Roll under tractor | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Front draft arms | Attached with spring pins at two points | |||
| Rear draft arms | Quick-pull pins | |||
| Mower wheels rotate | Yes, 90 degrees for easy mower removal | |||
| Drive system | Dual belt |
| Meets ANSI standard | Yes | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meets OPEI standard | Yes | |||
| Backup protection | Reverse Implement Option (RIO) | |||
| Safety video | Yes |
| Notes | Hydraulic power lift for superior convenience and ease of use Power steering with tilt steering wheel for exceptional maneuverability and comfort Fully enclosed, molded-in color material reduces sound, will not rust or dent |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Warranty | 4 year/300 hour bumper-to-bumper* (*Term limited to years or hours used, whichever comes first, and varies by model. See the LIMITED WARRANTY FOR NEW JOHN DEERE TURF AND UTILITY EQUIPMENT at JohnDeere.com or JohnDeere.ca/TUWarranty for details.) |
| Mowers | 54A (standard) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rear bagger | 7, 19 bu 247, 670 L |
|||
| Powered material collection | Power Flow™ blower | |||
| Mulching system | Yes, MulchControl™ | |||
| Front thatcher | 38, 46, 54 in. 96.5, 116.8, 137.2 cm |
|||
| Front blade | 44 in. 111.8 cm |
|||
| Mid-mount blade | ||||
| Snow blower | Two-stage, 44 in. 111.8 cm |
|||
| Rotary broom | ||||
| Rotary tiller | ||||
| Sleeve hitch | ||||
| 3-point hitch | ||||
| Rear power take-off (PTO) | ||||
| Plow, moldboard | ||||
| Box scraper | ||||
| Cultivator | ||||
| Rear blade | ||||
| Disk harrow | ||||
| Landscape rake | ||||
| Sprayer | Tow-behind, 15 U.S. gal. 56.8 L Tow-behind, 25 U.S. gal. 94.6 L Mounted, 25 U.S. gal. |
|||
| Spreader | Tow-behind, 125 lb 57.7 kg Tow-behind, 175 lb 79.4 kg Mounted, 125 lb |
|||
| Front bumper | Styled bumper option | |||
| Brush guard | Yes | |||
| Weather protection | Weather enclosure | |||
| Sun canopy | Yes | |||
| Rear receiver hitch | ||||
| Bucket holder | Yes, double bucket | |||
| Grass striping | Lawn striping kit | |||
| Tractor shovel | 40 in. 101.6 cm |
|||
| Front loader | ||||
| Other equipment | ||||
| Tow-behind tools | 16 |
| Height | 49 in. 1244 mm |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall length | 72.3 in. 1836 mm |
|||
| Wheelbase | 49.4 in. 1255 mm |
|||
| Width with mower | 68.4 in. 1737 mm |
|||
| Width with mower (deflector raised for storage) | 58.3 in. 1481 mm |
|||
| Width without mower | 39.4 in. 1000 mm |
|||
| Weight | Mower, no fuel: 686 lb 311 kg |
| Manufacturing location | Horicon, Wisconsin, USA | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Date collected | 3-Oct-22 |
